Various Urinary stones according to size and type of stone

The size of kidney stones causes different stones. Therefore, urinary stone is not the same. Likewise, how to prevent urinary stones from happening again, it all depends on the type of stone that is formed. Urinary stones can occur if there is a buildup of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, ammonia, cysteine, or struvit in the urine. These stones usually form in our urinary system, both in the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urinary tract or urethra. The formation of these stones can be triggered by a lack of fluid or urine that is too concentrated. The size also varies, some are only as small as 5 mm but there are also those that block the flow of urine and cause urinary tract problems. Based on this size, urinary stones also vary.

Small Size Stone

Most small stones can be treated without the aid of urinary stones. The stone is able to get out of the body by itself through urine or urine. We can facilitate the release of stones from the urinary tract by:

• Drinking water as much as 2 liters to 3 liters per day to help cleanse our urinary system. Drinking lots of water can make our urine clearer.
• Stones that are small in size can cause pain when moving inside the urinary tract. To reduce mild pain, your doctor may advise you to take painkillers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol.
• Take alpha blockers which relaxes the muscles in the ureter. Limp muscles can make stones run out of the kidneys into the urinary tract more quickly and reduce pain. Of course this stone urine should be taken in accordance with a doctor's prescription.

Large Size Stone

If small stones can come out together with urine, large stones or more than 1 cm require medical treatment. Likewise, if a stone causes bleeding and damage or urinary tract infections. Handling procedures and large stone urine include:

• It uses sound shock waves to break rocks, called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). This wave is capable of breaking into small stones so that they can be excreted in urine.
• Perform a cystoscopic procedure to look inside the urinary tract and bladder to find stones, or do a ureteroscopy to see a detailed picture of the ureteral lining and kidney.
• Surgical removal of kidney stones (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) uses a special tool called a nephroscope and various small devices that are inserted into the kidney through a small incision in the back. For larger stones, the doctor may use a laser to break the stone.

Prevention and stone urine medication according to type of stone

It is estimated that nearly half of people with urinary stones will experience pain again in the next five years. Therefore, doctors will usually prescribe a stone urine medication that is useful to prevent the formation of stones later in life. The medicine also varies depending on the type of stone that is formed, namely whether the calcium stone, uric acid stone, struvite stone, or cysteine ​​stone.

• Calcium stone

Potassium citrate or potassium citrate to increase pH and citrate levels in urine; and diuretic drugs to help the body flush water out.

• Uric acid stones

Allopurinol to reduce uric acid levels in urine and blood; potassium citrate, and oral sodium bicarbonate or baking soda.

• Struvite stone

Antibiotics to fight bacteria and acetohydroxamic acid to prevent infection. Some struvite stones are formed due to kidney infection. Therefore, antibiotic drugs are needed to cure infections and help prevent the formation of new stones.

• Cysteine ​​stone

This type of stone can be difficult to treat. The doctor may suggest drinking more water to produce more urine. If that isn't enough to help, the doctor will prescribe a medication that can reduce the amount of cysteine ​​in the urine.

To reduce the risk of repetitive stone formation, you can undergo a number of tips such as:

• Reducing oxalate-rich foods such as spinach, sweet potatoes, okra, beets, chocolate, and nuts.
• Limit salt intake
• Reducing intake of animal protein. You can get protein intake from vegetable protein sources.
• Limiting calcium intake. Calcium from food does not cause the formation of kidney stones, but you need to be careful if you want to take calcium supplements.

If you urinate frequently, feel sick when you urinate, and urine that comes out smells and is pink or reddish, don't hesitate to see a doctor immediately to get the right urinary stone. After the doctor examines and determines the type and size of the stone, the stone urine medication will be adjusted to the type and size of the stone.